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Role of Hand Hygiene Ambassador and Implementation of Directly Observed Hand Hygiene Among Residents in Residential Care Homes for the Elderly in Hong Kong
- Vincent C. C. Cheng, Hong Chen, Shuk-Ching Wong, Jonathan H. K. Chen, Wing-Chun Ng, Simon Y. C. So, Tuen-Ching Chan, Sally C. Y. Wong, Pak-Leung Ho, Lona Mody, Felix H. W. Chan, Andrew T. Y. Wong, Kwok-Yung Yuen
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- Journal:
- Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology / Volume 39 / Issue 5 / May 2018
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 27 February 2018, pp. 571-577
- Print publication:
- May 2018
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OBJECTIVE
Multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs) are increasingly reported in residential care homes for the elderly (RCHEs). We assessed whether implementation of directly observed hand hygiene (DOHH) by hand hygiene ambassadors can reduce environmental contamination with MDROs.
METHODSFrom July to August 2017, a cluster-randomized controlled study was conducted at 10 RCHEs (5 intervention versus 5 nonintervention controls), where DOHH was performed at two-hourly intervals during daytime, before meals and medication rounds by a one trained nurse in each intervention RCHE. Environmental contamination by MRDOs, such as methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter species (CRA), and extended-spectrum β-lactamse (ESBL)–producing Enterobacteriaceae, was evaluated using specimens collected from communal areas at baseline, then twice weekly. The volume of alcohol-based hand rub (ABHR) consumed per resident per week was measured.
RESULTSThe overall environmental contamination of communal areas was culture-positive for MRSA in 33 of 100 specimens (33%), CRA in 26 of 100 specimens (26%), and ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in 3 of 100 specimens (3%) in intervention and nonintervention RCHEs at baseline. Serial monitoring of environmental specimens revealed a significant reduction in MRSA (79 of 600 [13.2%] vs 197 of 600 [32.8%]; P<.001) and CRA (56 of 600 [9.3%] vs 94 of 600 [15.7%]; P=.001) contamination in the intervention arm compared with the nonintervention arm during the study period. The volume of ABHR consumed per resident per week was 3 times higher in the intervention arm compared with the baseline (59.3±12.9 mL vs 19.7±12.6 mL; P<.001) and was significantly higher than the nonintervention arm (59.3±12.9 mL vs 23.3±17.2 mL; P=.006).
CONCLUSIONSThe direct observation of hand hygiene of residents could reduce environmental contamination by MDROs in RCHEs.
Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2018;39:571–577
Index
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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List of Contributors
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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Contents
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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Preface
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- By Vincent W. S. Wong, The University of British Columbia, Canada, Robert Schober, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, The University of New South Wales, Australia, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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Summary
Mobile devices (e.g., smartphones and tablets) have become a commodity in our daily lives. While these devices already support many different types of applications and services, there will be a continual increase in demand for mobile data traffic due to web applications, real-time and streaming video traffic, and applications related to the Internet of Things (IoT). The future fifth generation (5G) wireless cellular systems aim not only to provide a higher aggregate throughput, but also to support applications which have stringent quality of service (QoS) requirements, such as seamless mobility, ultra-low latency (e.g., Tactile Internet), and high reliability (e.g., vehicular communications). Further improvements in spectrum efficiency, energy efficiency, and cost per bit are also important. In order to meet these demands, fundamental changes to the network architecture and all layers of the protocol stack compared with fourth generation (4G) wireless systems are needed.
This book aims to provide a comprehensive treatment of the ongoing research into and state-of-the-art techniques for addressing the challenges arising from the design of 5G wireless systems. Written by leading experts on the subject, this book includes 22 chapters, which cover various aspects of 5G systems, including network architecture design, physical layer techniques, algorithms, and network protocol design. Chapter 1 serves as an introductory chapter and provides an overview of the different key technologies related to 5G systems. Each of the other chapters tackles one specific challenge for system design. The chapters can be read independently.
This book will be of interest to a readership from the communications, signal processing, and networking communities. The primary audience for this book is researchers and engineers who are interested in studying advanced communication and networking techniques, as well as state-of-the-art research on 5G systems. This book will serve as a resource for self-study and as a reference book for researchers and engineers involved in the design of wireless communication systems. It is also suitable for graduate students who are interested in 5G systems and the related communication and networking issues. It may serve as a reference book for graduate-level courses for students in electrical engineering, communication engineering, and networking.
We would like to thank all the authors for their outstanding contributions and their timeliness in completing their respective chapters. In addition, we would like to thank Elizabeth Horne and Heather Brolly from Cambridge University Press for their valuable advice throughout the production of this book.
Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Li-Chun Wang
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- Published online:
- 28 April 2017
- Print publication:
- 02 March 2017
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Gain a detailed understanding of the protocols, network architectures and techniques being considered for 5G wireless networks with this authoritative guide to the state of the art.Get up to speed with key topics such as cloud radio access networks, mobile edge computing, full duplexing, massive MIMO, mmWave, NOMA, Internet of things, M2M communications, D2D communications, mobile data offloading, interference mitigation techniques, radio resource management, visible light communications, and smart data pricing.Learn from leading researchers in academia and industry about the most recent theoretical developments in the field.Discover how each potential technology can increase the capacity, spectral efficiency, and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Providing the most comprehensive overview of 5G technologies to date, this is an essential reference for researchers, practicing engineers and graduate students working in wireless communications and networking.
Part III - Network Protocols, Algorithms, and Design
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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- 28 April 2017
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- 02 March 2017, pp 333-334
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1 - Overview of New Technologies for 5G Systems
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- By Vincent W. S. Wong, The University of British Columbia, Canada, Robert Schober, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nürnberg, Germany, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, The University of New South Wales, Australia, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao-Tung University, Taiwan
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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Summary
Introduction
In recent years, wireless service providers in different countries have deployed both the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) Long Term Evolution (LTE) and LTE-Advanced systems. Despite the unprecedented data rates and quality of service (QoS) provided by these new networks, user demand is beginning to exceed their capabilities. For example, the proliferation of smartphones and tablets has caused a significant and sustained increase in mobile data traffic. In fact, in 2015 alone, global mobile data traffic grew by 74% from 2.1 to 3.7 exabytes [1]. Furthermore, the existing networks are not well suited for the exceedingly large number of devices and appliances that are expected to be connected wirelessly to the Internet in future Internet of Things (IoT) applications and machine-to-machine (M2M) communications. Moreover, to make the growth of networks and the number of connected devices economically and ecologically sustainable, energy efficiency has to be substantially improved. Also, emerging new applications such as remote surgery in healthcare, autonomous driving, and wireless control of industrial robots require ultra-low latencies in the sub-millisecond range and ultra-high reliability, giving rise to the notion of the Tactile Internet. In order to support the exponential growth of existing mobile traffic and the emergence of new wireless applications and services, researchers and standardization bodies worldwide have set out to develop a fifth generation (5G) of wireless networks [2–6]. Some of the stringent requirements for this next generation of wireless networks are listed in Table 1.1 [7].
To meet these challenging requirements, a mere evolution of the current networks is not sufficient. Instead, a true revolution of technologies in both the radio access network and the mobile core network is needed (Figure 1.1). In the radio access network, fundamentally new physical layer technologies such as massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), full-duplex (FD) communication, millimeter wave (mmWave) communication, device-to-device (D2D) communication, and visible light communication (VLC) will be deployed. Furthermore, leveraging cloud computing, the cloud radio access network (C-RAN) has emerged as a promising and cost-efficient mobile network architecture to enhance the spectrum and energy efficiency of 5G networks. In addition, different access technologies, including LTE and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi), may be integrated to guarantee seamless coverage, and to support high data-rate transmission and data offloading.
Frontmatter
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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Part II - Physical Layer Communication Techniques
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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Part I - Communication Network Architectures for 5G Systems
- Edited by Vincent W. S. Wong, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Robert Schober, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Li-Chun Wang, National Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
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- Key Technologies for 5G Wireless Systems
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- 02 March 2017, pp 25-26
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The Night Sky Monitoring Network in Hong Kong
- Chun S. J. Pun, Chu W. So, Chung F. T. Wong
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- Journal:
- Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union / Volume 10 / Issue H16 / August 2012
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 05 March 2015, p. 740
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- August 2012
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The Night Sky Monitoring Network is a project that aims to study the extent, distribution, and properties of the light pollution condition in the populous metropolis of Hong Kong. Continuous measurements of the Night Sky Brightness (NSB) at strategically chosen locations that cover a wide range of population density and land usage were made, with over 2.5 million NSB readings collected in 18 months up to June 2012. Results from the project are presented, with focus on the contrast between the urban and rural night sky profiles, and light pollution contributions from artificial lightings. This project is supported by the Environment and Conservation Fund of the Hong Kong SAR government (ECF 10/2009, ECF 1/2007).
Contributors
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- By Rose Teteki Abbey, K. C. Abraham, David Tuesday Adamo, LeRoy H. Aden, Efrain Agosto, Victor Aguilan, Gillian T. W. Ahlgren, Charanjit Kaur AjitSingh, Dorothy B E A Akoto, Giuseppe Alberigo, Daniel E. Albrecht, Ruth Albrecht, Daniel O. Aleshire, Urs Altermatt, Anand Amaladass, Michael Amaladoss, James N. Amanze, Lesley G. Anderson, Thomas C. Anderson, Victor Anderson, Hope S. Antone, María Pilar Aquino, Paula Arai, Victorio Araya Guillén, S. Wesley Ariarajah, Ellen T. Armour, Brett Gregory Armstrong, Atsuhiro Asano, Naim Stifan Ateek, Mahmoud Ayoub, John Alembillah Azumah, Mercedes L. García Bachmann, Irena Backus, J. Wayne Baker, Mieke Bal, Lewis V. Baldwin, William Barbieri, António Barbosa da Silva, David Basinger, Bolaji Olukemi Bateye, Oswald Bayer, Daniel H. Bays, Rosalie Beck, Nancy Elizabeth Bedford, Guy-Thomas Bedouelle, Chorbishop Seely Beggiani, Wolfgang Behringer, Christopher M. Bellitto, Byard Bennett, Harold V. Bennett, Teresa Berger, Miguel A. Bernad, Henley Bernard, Alan E. Bernstein, Jon L. Berquist, Johannes Beutler, Ana María Bidegain, Matthew P. Binkewicz, Jennifer Bird, Joseph Blenkinsopp, Dmytro Bondarenko, Paulo Bonfatti, Riet en Pim Bons-Storm, Jessica A. Boon, Marcus J. Borg, Mark Bosco, Peter C. Bouteneff, François Bovon, William D. Bowman, Paul S. Boyer, David Brakke, Richard E. Brantley, Marcus Braybrooke, Ian Breward, Ênio José da Costa Brito, Jewel Spears Brooker, Johannes Brosseder, Nicholas Canfield Read Brown, Robert F. Brown, Pamela K. Brubaker, Walter Brueggemann, Bishop Colin O. Buchanan, Stanley M. Burgess, Amy Nelson Burnett, J. Patout Burns, David B. Burrell, David Buttrick, James P. Byrd, Lavinia Byrne, Gerado Caetano, Marcos Caldas, Alkiviadis Calivas, William J. Callahan, Salvatore Calomino, Euan K. Cameron, William S. Campbell, Marcelo Ayres Camurça, Daniel F. Caner, Paul E. Capetz, Carlos F. Cardoza-Orlandi, Patrick W. Carey, Barbara Carvill, Hal Cauthron, Subhadra Mitra Channa, Mark D. Chapman, James H. Charlesworth, Kenneth R. Chase, Chen Zemin, Luciano Chianeque, Philip Chia Phin Yin, Francisca H. Chimhanda, Daniel Chiquete, John T. Chirban, Soobin Choi, Robert Choquette, Mita Choudhury, Gerald Christianson, John Chryssavgis, Sejong Chun, Esther Chung-Kim, Charles M. A. Clark, Elizabeth A. Clark, Sathianathan Clarke, Fred Cloud, John B. Cobb, W. Owen Cole, John A Coleman, John J. Collins, Sylvia Collins-Mayo, Paul K. Conkin, Beth A. Conklin, Sean Connolly, Demetrios J. Constantelos, Michael A. Conway, Paula M. Cooey, Austin Cooper, Michael L. Cooper-White, Pamela Cooper-White, L. William Countryman, Sérgio Coutinho, Pamela Couture, Shannon Craigo-Snell, James L. Crenshaw, David Crowner, Humberto Horacio Cucchetti, Lawrence S. Cunningham, Elizabeth Mason Currier, Emmanuel Cutrone, Mary L. Daniel, David D. Daniels, Robert Darden, Rolf Darge, Isaiah Dau, Jeffry C. Davis, Jane Dawson, Valentin Dedji, John W. de Gruchy, Paul DeHart, Wendy J. Deichmann Edwards, Miguel A. De La Torre, George E. Demacopoulos, Thomas de Mayo, Leah DeVun, Beatriz de Vasconcellos Dias, Dennis C. Dickerson, John M. Dillon, Luis Miguel Donatello, Igor Dorfmann-Lazarev, Susanna Drake, Jonathan A. Draper, N. Dreher Martin, Otto Dreydoppel, Angelyn Dries, A. J. Droge, Francis X. D'Sa, Marilyn Dunn, Nicole Wilkinson Duran, Rifaat Ebied, Mark J. Edwards, William H. Edwards, Leonard H. Ehrlich, Nancy L. Eiesland, Martin Elbel, J. Harold Ellens, Stephen Ellingson, Marvin M. Ellison, Robert Ellsberg, Jean Bethke Elshtain, Eldon Jay Epp, Peter C. Erb, Tassilo Erhardt, Maria Erling, Noel Leo Erskine, Gillian R. Evans, Virginia Fabella, Michael A. Fahey, Edward Farley, Margaret A. Farley, Wendy Farley, Robert Fastiggi, Seena Fazel, Duncan S. Ferguson, Helwar Figueroa, Paul Corby Finney, Kyriaki Karidoyanes FitzGerald, Thomas E. FitzGerald, John R. Fitzmier, Marie Therese Flanagan, Sabina Flanagan, Claude Flipo, Ronald B. Flowers, Carole Fontaine, David Ford, Mary Ford, Stephanie A. Ford, Jim Forest, William Franke, Robert M. Franklin, Ruth Franzén, Edward H. Friedman, Samuel Frouisou, Lorelei F. Fuchs, Jojo M. Fung, Inger Furseth, Richard R. Gaillardetz, Brandon Gallaher, China Galland, Mark Galli, Ismael García, Tharscisse Gatwa, Jean-Marie Gaudeul, Luis María Gavilanes del Castillo, Pavel L. Gavrilyuk, Volney P. Gay, Metropolitan Athanasios Geevargis, Kondothra M. George, Mary Gerhart, Simon Gikandi, Maurice Gilbert, Michael J. Gillgannon, Verónica Giménez Beliveau, Terryl Givens, Beth Glazier-McDonald, Philip Gleason, Menghun Goh, Brian Golding, Bishop Hilario M. Gomez, Michelle A. Gonzalez, Donald K. Gorrell, Roy Gottfried, Tamara Grdzelidze, Joel B. Green, Niels Henrik Gregersen, Cristina Grenholm, Herbert Griffiths, Eric W. Gritsch, Erich S. Gruen, Christoffer H. Grundmann, Paul H. Gundani, Jon P. Gunnemann, Petre Guran, Vidar L. Haanes, Jeremiah M. Hackett, Getatchew Haile, Douglas John Hall, Nicholas Hammond, Daphne Hampson, Jehu J. Hanciles, Barry Hankins, Jennifer Haraguchi, Stanley S. Harakas, Anthony John Harding, Conrad L. Harkins, J. William Harmless, Marjory Harper, Amir Harrak, Joel F. Harrington, Mark W. Harris, Susan Ashbrook Harvey, Van A. Harvey, R. Chris Hassel, Jione Havea, Daniel Hawk, Diana L. Hayes, Leslie Hayes, Priscilla Hayner, S. Mark Heim, Simo Heininen, Richard P. Heitzenrater, Eila Helander, David Hempton, Scott H. Hendrix, Jan-Olav Henriksen, Gina Hens-Piazza, Carter Heyward, Nicholas J. Higham, David Hilliard, Norman A. Hjelm, Peter C. Hodgson, Arthur Holder, M. Jan Holton, Dwight N. Hopkins, Ronnie Po-chia Hsia, Po-Ho Huang, James Hudnut-Beumler, Jennifer S. Hughes, Leonard M. Hummel, Mary E. Hunt, Laennec Hurbon, Mark Hutchinson, Susan E. Hylen, Mary Beth Ingham, H. Larry Ingle, Dale T. Irvin, Jon Isaak, Paul John Isaak, Ada María Isasi-Díaz, Hans Raun Iversen, Margaret C. Jacob, Arthur James, Maria Jansdotter-Samuelsson, David Jasper, Werner G. Jeanrond, Renée Jeffery, David Lyle Jeffrey, Theodore W. Jennings, David H. Jensen, Robin Margaret Jensen, David Jobling, Dale A. Johnson, Elizabeth A. Johnson, Maxwell E. Johnson, Sarah Johnson, Mark D. Johnston, F. Stanley Jones, James William Jones, John R. Jones, Alissa Jones Nelson, Inge Jonsson, Jan Joosten, Elizabeth Judd, Mulambya Peggy Kabonde, Robert Kaggwa, Sylvester Kahakwa, Isaac Kalimi, Ogbu U. Kalu, Eunice Kamaara, Wayne C. Kannaday, Musimbi Kanyoro, Veli-Matti Kärkkäinen, Frank Kaufmann, Léon Nguapitshi Kayongo, Richard Kearney, Alice A. Keefe, Ralph Keen, Catherine Keller, Anthony J. Kelly, Karen Kennelly, Kathi Lynn Kern, Fergus Kerr, Edward Kessler, George Kilcourse, Heup Young Kim, Kim Sung-Hae, Kim Yong-Bock, Kim Yung Suk, Richard King, Thomas M. King, Robert M. Kingdon, Ross Kinsler, Hans G. Kippenberg, Cheryl A. Kirk-Duggan, Clifton Kirkpatrick, Leonid Kishkovsky, Nadieszda Kizenko, Jeffrey Klaiber, Hans-Josef Klauck, Sidney Knight, Samuel Kobia, Robert Kolb, Karla Ann Koll, Heikki Kotila, Donald Kraybill, Philip D. W. Krey, Yves Krumenacker, Jeffrey Kah-Jin Kuan, Simanga R. Kumalo, Peter Kuzmic, Simon Shui-Man Kwan, Kwok Pui-lan, André LaCocque, Stephen E. Lahey, John Tsz Pang Lai, Emiel Lamberts, Armando Lampe, Craig Lampe, Beverly J. Lanzetta, Eve LaPlante, Lizette Larson-Miller, Ariel Bybee Laughton, Leonard Lawlor, Bentley Layton, Robin A. Leaver, Karen Lebacqz, Archie Chi Chung Lee, Marilyn J. Legge, Hervé LeGrand, D. L. LeMahieu, Raymond Lemieux, Bill J. Leonard, Ellen M. Leonard, Outi Leppä, Jean Lesaulnier, Nantawan Boonprasat Lewis, Henrietta Leyser, Alexei Lidov, Bernard Lightman, Paul Chang-Ha Lim, Carter Lindberg, Mark R. Lindsay, James R. Linville, James C. Livingston, Ann Loades, David Loades, Jean-Claude Loba-Mkole, Lo Lung Kwong, Wati Longchar, Eleazar López, David W. Lotz, Andrew Louth, Robin W. Lovin, William Luis, Frank D. Macchia, Diarmaid N. J. MacCulloch, Kirk R. MacGregor, Marjory A. MacLean, Donald MacLeod, Tomas S. Maddela, Inge Mager, Laurenti Magesa, David G. Maillu, Fortunato Mallimaci, Philip Mamalakis, Kä Mana, Ukachukwu Chris Manus, Herbert Robinson Marbury, Reuel Norman Marigza, Jacqueline Mariña, Antti Marjanen, Luiz C. L. Marques, Madipoane Masenya (ngwan'a Mphahlele), Caleb J. D. Maskell, Steve Mason, Thomas Massaro, Fernando Matamoros Ponce, András Máté-Tóth, Odair Pedroso Mateus, Dinis Matsolo, Fumitaka Matsuoka, John D'Arcy May, Yelena Mazour-Matusevich, Theodore Mbazumutima, John S. McClure, Christian McConnell, Lee Martin McDonald, Gary B. McGee, Thomas McGowan, Alister E. McGrath, Richard J. McGregor, John A. McGuckin, Maud Burnett McInerney, Elsie Anne McKee, Mary B. McKinley, James F. McMillan, Ernan McMullin, Kathleen E. McVey, M. Douglas Meeks, Monica Jyotsna Melanchthon, Ilie Melniciuc-Puica, Everett Mendoza, Raymond A. Mentzer, William W. Menzies, Ina Merdjanova, Franziska Metzger, Constant J. Mews, Marvin Meyer, Carol Meyers, Vasile Mihoc, Gunner Bjerg Mikkelsen, Maria Inêz de Castro Millen, Clyde Lee Miller, Bonnie J. Miller-McLemore, Alexander Mirkovic, Paul Misner, Nozomu Miyahira, R. W. L. Moberly, Gerald Moede, Aloo Osotsi Mojola, Sunanda Mongia, Rebeca Montemayor, James Moore, Roger E. Moore, Craig E. Morrison O.Carm, Jeffry H. Morrison, Keith Morrison, Wilson J. Moses, Tefetso Henry Mothibe, Mokgethi Motlhabi, Fulata Moyo, Henry Mugabe, Jesse Ndwiga Kanyua Mugambi, Peggy Mulambya-Kabonde, Robert Bruce Mullin, Pamela Mullins Reaves, Saskia Murk Jansen, Heleen L. Murre-Van den Berg, Augustine Musopole, Isaac M. T. Mwase, Philomena Mwaura, Cecilia Nahnfeldt, Anne Nasimiyu Wasike, Carmiña Navia Velasco, Thulani Ndlazi, Alexander Negrov, James B. Nelson, David G. Newcombe, Carol Newsom, Helen J. Nicholson, George W. E. Nickelsburg, Tatyana Nikolskaya, Damayanthi M. A. Niles, Bertil Nilsson, Nyambura Njoroge, Fidelis Nkomazana, Mary Beth Norton, Christian Nottmeier, Sonene Nyawo, Anthère Nzabatsinda, Edward T. Oakes, Gerald O'Collins, Daniel O'Connell, David W. Odell-Scott, Mercy Amba Oduyoye, Kathleen O'Grady, Oyeronke Olajubu, Thomas O'Loughlin, Dennis T. Olson, J. Steven O'Malley, Cephas N. Omenyo, Muriel Orevillo-Montenegro, César Augusto Ornellas Ramos, Agbonkhianmeghe E. Orobator, Kenan B. Osborne, Carolyn Osiek, Javier Otaola Montagne, Douglas F. Ottati, Anna May Say Pa, Irina Paert, Jerry G. Pankhurst, Aristotle Papanikolaou, Samuele F. Pardini, Stefano Parenti, Peter Paris, Sung Bae Park, Cristián G. Parker, Raquel Pastor, Joseph Pathrapankal, Daniel Patte, W. Brown Patterson, Clive Pearson, Keith F. Pecklers, Nancy Cardoso Pereira, David Horace Perkins, Pheme Perkins, Edward N. Peters, Rebecca Todd Peters, Bishop Yeznik Petrossian, Raymond Pfister, Peter C. Phan, Isabel Apawo Phiri, William S. F. Pickering, Derrick G. Pitard, William Elvis Plata, Zlatko Plese, John Plummer, James Newton Poling, Ronald Popivchak, Andrew Porter, Ute Possekel, James M. Powell, Enos Das Pradhan, Devadasan Premnath, Jaime Adrían Prieto Valladares, Anne Primavesi, Randall Prior, María Alicia Puente Lutteroth, Eduardo Guzmão Quadros, Albert Rabil, Laurent William Ramambason, Apolonio M. Ranche, Vololona Randriamanantena Andriamitandrina, Lawrence R. Rast, Paul L. Redditt, Adele Reinhartz, Rolf Rendtorff, Pål Repstad, James N. Rhodes, John K. Riches, Joerg Rieger, Sharon H. Ringe, Sandra Rios, Tyler Roberts, David M. Robinson, James M. Robinson, Joanne Maguire Robinson, Richard A. H. Robinson, Roy R. Robson, Jack B. Rogers, Maria Roginska, Sidney Rooy, Rev. Garnett Roper, Maria José Fontelas Rosado-Nunes, Andrew C. Ross, Stefan Rossbach, François Rossier, John D. Roth, John K. Roth, Phillip Rothwell, Richard E. Rubenstein, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Markku Ruotsila, John E. Rybolt, Risto Saarinen, John Saillant, Juan Sanchez, Wagner Lopes Sanchez, Hugo N. Santos, Gerhard Sauter, Gloria L. Schaab, Sandra M. Schneiders, Quentin J. Schultze, Fernando F. Segovia, Turid Karlsen Seim, Carsten Selch Jensen, Alan P. F. Sell, Frank C. Senn, Kent Davis Sensenig, Damían Setton, Bal Krishna Sharma, Carolyn J. Sharp, Thomas Sheehan, N. Gerald Shenk, Christian Sheppard, Charles Sherlock, Tabona Shoko, Walter B. Shurden, Marguerite Shuster, B. Mark Sietsema, Batara Sihombing, Neil Silberman, Clodomiro Siller, Samuel Silva-Gotay, Heikki Silvet, John K. Simmons, Hagith Sivan, James C. Skedros, Abraham Smith, Ashley A. Smith, Ted A. Smith, Daud Soesilo, Pia Søltoft, Choan-Seng (C. S.) Song, Kathryn Spink, Bryan Spinks, Eric O. Springsted, Nicolas Standaert, Brian Stanley, Glen H. Stassen, Karel Steenbrink, Stephen J. Stein, Andrea Sterk, Gregory E. Sterling, Columba Stewart, Jacques Stewart, Robert B. Stewart, Cynthia Stokes Brown, Ken Stone, Anne Stott, Elizabeth Stuart, Monya Stubbs, Marjorie Hewitt Suchocki, David Kwang-sun Suh, Scott W. Sunquist, Keith Suter, Douglas Sweeney, Charles H. Talbert, Shawqi N. Talia, Elsa Tamez, Joseph B. Tamney, Jonathan Y. Tan, Yak-Hwee Tan, Kathryn Tanner, Feiya Tao, Elizabeth S. Tapia, Aquiline Tarimo, Claire Taylor, Mark Lewis Taylor, Bishop Abba Samuel Wolde Tekestebirhan, Eugene TeSelle, M. Thomas Thangaraj, David R. Thomas, Andrew Thornley, Scott Thumma, Marcelo Timotheo da Costa, George E. “Tink” Tinker, Ola Tjørhom, Karen Jo Torjesen, Iain R. Torrance, Fernando Torres-Londoño, Archbishop Demetrios [Trakatellis], Marit Trelstad, Christine Trevett, Phyllis Trible, Johannes Tromp, Paul Turner, Robert G. Tuttle, Archbishop Desmond Tutu, Peter Tyler, Anders Tyrberg, Justin Ukpong, Javier Ulloa, Camillus Umoh, Kristi Upson-Saia, Martina Urban, Monica Uribe, Elochukwu Eugene Uzukwu, Richard Vaggione, Gabriel Vahanian, Paul Valliere, T. J. Van Bavel, Steven Vanderputten, Peter Van der Veer, Huub Van de Sandt, Louis Van Tongeren, Luke A. Veronis, Noel Villalba, Ramón Vinke, Tim Vivian, David Voas, Elena Volkova, Katharina von Kellenbach, Elina Vuola, Timothy Wadkins, Elaine M. Wainwright, Randi Jones Walker, Dewey D. Wallace, Jerry Walls, Michael J. Walsh, Philip Walters, Janet Walton, Jonathan L. Walton, Wang Xiaochao, Patricia A. Ward, David Harrington Watt, Herold D. Weiss, Laurence L. Welborn, Sharon D. Welch, Timothy Wengert, Traci C. West, Merold Westphal, David Wetherell, Barbara Wheeler, Carolinne White, Jean-Paul Wiest, Frans Wijsen, Terry L. Wilder, Felix Wilfred, Rebecca Wilkin, Daniel H. Williams, D. Newell Williams, Michael A. Williams, Vincent L. Wimbush, Gabriele Winkler, Anders Winroth, Lauri Emílio Wirth, James A. Wiseman, Ebba Witt-Brattström, Teofil Wojciechowski, John Wolffe, Kenman L. Wong, Wong Wai Ching, Linda Woodhead, Wendy M. Wright, Rose Wu, Keith E. Yandell, Gale A. Yee, Viktor Yelensky, Yeo Khiok-Khng, Gustav K. K. Yeung, Angela Yiu, Amos Yong, Yong Ting Jin, You Bin, Youhanna Nessim Youssef, Eliana Yunes, Robert Michael Zaller, Valarie H. Ziegler, Barbara Brown Zikmund, Joyce Ann Zimmerman, Aurora Zlotnik, Zhuo Xinping
- Edited by Daniel Patte, Vanderbilt University, Tennessee
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- Book:
- The Cambridge Dictionary of Christianity
- Published online:
- 05 August 2012
- Print publication:
- 20 September 2010, pp xi-xliv
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Comparison of immunomodulatory properties of purified lactoferrin, lactoperoxidase and β-casein in sheep
- CHUN W. WONG, DENNIS L. WATSON, GEOFFREY O. REGESTER, GEOFFREY W. SMITHERS
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 65 / Issue 4 / November 1998
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 November 1998, pp. 697-701
- Print publication:
- November 1998
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Bovine milk contains a variety of proteins and peptides that are biologically active (Ogra & Ogra, 1978; Duncan & McArthur, 1981; Newby et al. 1982; Juto, 1985; Stoeck et al. 1989; Mincheva-Nilsson et al. 1990; Watson, 1990; Barta et al. 1991; Politis et al. 1991; Fiat et al. 1993). Our laboratory has a long-term interest in some purified milk proteins, particularly lactoferrin (LF), lactoperoxidase (LP) and β-casein (β-CN), which have been shown to be immunologically significant. Some of our recent studies on these bovine milk proteins, particularly β-CN, indicated that their in vitro immunological effects did not always parallel their in vivo activities (Wong et al. 1996a, b; 1997a, b). This study was designed to investigate and compare the capacity of these purified bovine milk proteins to modulate a range of components that are vital to in vivo immune responses in sheep, with a view to providing further information on their potential in biomedical applications. To achieve this objective, a sensitive lymphatic cannulation model was employed that allows in vivo immune components and their functions to be measured in lymph collected under physiological conditions.
Influence of whey and purified whey proteins on neutrophil functions in sheep
- CHUN W. WONG, AI H. LIU, GEOFFREY O. REGESTER, GEOFFREY L. FRANCIS, DENNIS L. WATSON
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 64 / Issue 2 / May 1997
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 May 1997, pp. 281-288
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- May 1997
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The effects of ruminant whey and its purified fractions on neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide production in sheep were studied. Both colostral whey and milk whey were found to inhibit chemotaxis regardless of whether they were autologous or homologous, but the inhibitory effects were abolished by washing neutrophils with culture medium before their use in the chemotaxis assay. Colostral whey and milk whey also inhibited the chemotactic activity of zymosan-activated serum. Whey fractions of various degrees of purity such as lactoferrin, lacto-peroxidase, lactoferrin–lactoperoxidase, α-lactalbumin, bovine serum albumin and whey protein concentrate were then studied. While none of these proteins showed any effects on chemotaxis, lactoferrin–lactoperoxidase and whey protein concentrate were found to have an enhancing effect on superoxide production in a dose-dependent manner. Our results provide information on the modulatory role of ruminant milk proteins in inflammatory responses and warrant future investigation.
Immunomodulatory activities of whey fractions in efferent prefemoral lymph of sheep
- Chun W. Wong, Geoffrey O. Regester, Geoffrey L. Francis, Dennis L. Watson
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 63 / Issue 2 / May 1996
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2009, pp. 257-267
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- May 1996
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Studies on the immunomodulatory activities of ruminant milk and colostral whey fractions were undertaken. By comparing with boiled colostral whey in a preliminary experiment, a putative heat-labile immunostimulatory factor for antibody responses was found to be present in ovine colostral whey. Studies were then undertaken in sheep in which the efferent prefemoral lymphatic ducts were cannulated bilaterally, and immune responses in the node were measured following subcutaneous injection in the flank fold of whey protein preparations of various purities. A significant sustained decline of efferent lymphocyte output was observed following injection with autologous crude milk whey or colostral whey preparations, but no changes were observed in interferon-gamma levels in lymph plasma. Two bovine milk whey fractions (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) of high purity were compared in bilaterally cannulated sheep. A transient decline over the first 6 h was seen in the efferent lymphocyte output and lymph flow rate after injection of both fractions. A significant difference was seen between the two fractions in interferongamma levels in lymph at 6 h after injection. However, no significant changes in the proportion of the various efferent lymphocyte phenotypes were seen following either treatment. Whereas both fractions showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, no similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation with these two fractions.
Immunomodulatory effects of dietary whey proteins in mice
- Chun W. Wong, Dennis L. Watson
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- Journal:
- Journal of Dairy Research / Volume 62 / Issue 2 / May 1995
- Published online by Cambridge University Press:
- 01 June 2009, pp. 359-368
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- May 1995
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Studies on the immunomodulatory properties of dietary whey proteins in mice are reported. Ingestion of bovine milk whey proteins, either as a supplement in an adequately balanced commercial diet or as the only protein source in a balanced diet, consistently enhanced secondary humoral antibody responses following systemic immunization with ovalbumin, when compared with other protein sources such as soyabean protein isolate and ovine colostral whey proteins. After 5–8 weeks of feeding, dietary milk whey proteins enhanced cell-mediated immune responses as revealed by footpad delayed-type hypersensitivity responses, and concanavalin A-induced spleen cell proliferative responses. To monitor nutritional effects of milk whey proteins, live weight, leucocyte counts and clinical changes of diet-fed mice were examined. The present results confirm other previous results that dietary bovine milk whey proteins have immunoenhancing properties in mice and these properties are unlikely to be related solely to the nutritional effects.